ОСНОВНЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ТОКСИКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТОВ «ИН ВИВО» С НЕКОТОРЫМИ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИМИ И МЕТАЛЛО-ОКСИДНЫМИ НАНОЧАСТИЦАМИ

The paper summarizes main results of the authors' in vivo toxicological experiments on rats exposed to either a single intratracheal instillation or to repeated intraperitoneal injections of nanoparticles (NP) of silver, gold, iron oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide and manganese oxide in stable water suspensions without any chemical additives. It was found out that these NPs were much more noxious on both cellular and organ- systemic levels as compared to their own micrometric or even submicron counterparts. However, the dependence of organ-systemic toxicity on particle sizes within the nanometer range is intricate and non-unique due to complex and often contra-directional relationships between the intrinsic biological aggressiveness of specific nanoparticles, on the one hand, and complex mechanisms governing their toxicokinetics, on the other. Our data testify to a high activity of the pulmonary phagocytosis of nanoparticles deposited in airways. This fact suggests that safe levels of exposure to airborne nanoparticles are possible in principle. An approach is considered to establish provisional standards for such an exposure based on about 10-15-fold decreased exposure as compared to limits which are officially set for respective micro-scale industrial aerosols. It was shown that against the background of adequately composed combinations of some bioactive agents (comprising pectin, multivitamin-multimineral preparations, some amino acids, and omega-3 PUFA), the systemic toxicity and genotoxicity of metallic NPs could be markedly attenuated.